About Chemistry, Environment, Waste Management and Green Life Inspirations

13 February 2010

Couple Escape Acts Facebook

JAKARTA, KOMPAS.com - Introduction of Nt (14) to Feb (18) occurred since November 2008 through the social networking Facebook. The introduction was followed by exchanging phone numbers and there was more intensive communication between the two.

"It was their first meeting. Before they communicate via SMS and telephone," said Head of Public Relations Polda Metro Jaya, Joey Boy Kombes Amar, the Polda Metro Jaya, Tuesday (9/2/2010).

Nt a junior high student status as class II in Sidoarjo, East Java, and Feb which dropped out of school as class II in one of the SMK in Tangerang and unemployment status is now planned to go together if both are met.

"They have good communication. One in Sidoarjo one in Tangerang. The intention is only to the streets. Nova is also going," said Boy.

For three days he left his parents, said the Boy, Nt went for a walk together in February and stayed at an old people's homes in February Cijeruk, Serang. "Parents suspects had objected when the suspect took the woman into the house and stay," he said.

On Monday night, go Boy, the victim wanted to go home one family in Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang, where the initial Nt before leaving. Prior to the BSD, the suspect took Nt first stop to his grandmother's house in Tangerang. At that moment, both in the police who were searching for the missing child received a report from the family Nt.

"They found another road near the house wanted to take his grandmother's house," he said.

As reported, Nt is a nephew of House members of the PDI-P faction, Joseph Umar Hadi, it came with his parents to Tangerang to attend an uncle's wedding Nt. However, after the Nova disappeared.

He was found Monday night and immediately divisum in RSCM. While in February and a suspect was arrested after questioning.

Do Gratuitous Thank Friends on Facebook

SURABAYA, KOMPAS.com - Anxiety is very normal parents of negative cases due to misuse of social networking Facebook. Moreover, victims of the negative impact of Facebook and more. In this week alone there were two girls become victims because teenagers who ran away with the familiar through Facebook.

Saturday (6/2/2010) and Nova (13), student of class II Junior High School in Sidoarjo, disappeared from her family home in Cluster City Alamanda Block L 14, Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD), Tangerang. New Nova discovered by police on Tuesday (9/2/2010) in Tangerang early morning moments with her boyfriend, aka Ari Febriari Power (18). Surprisingly, the police, Nova bersebadan confessed that his girlfriend three times during the run.

Recent events happened to the Binsar, residents Taman, Sidoarjo. They reported to the police because her daughter called Abelina until Wednesday (10/2/2010) has not been home since Saturday (6/2/2010) ago. Abel, 22 high school girls Surabaya, allegedly ran away with the man she met through Facebook. The man was allegedly named Januar aka JeJe, who has an account on Facebook Abel.

On October 25, 2009, Latifah (16), student from Jombang, carried away the man known for his Facebook, Anis Asmara (41). During the disappeared, Latifah confessed in Jakarta and in Bali. In fact, admitted that he had married Latifah siri with Anis, who claimed to residents Gianyar, Bali.

Facebook is the new style of community to hang out. According Tonny, lecturer at the Faculty of Psychology University of Surabaya, there are negative and positive sides of social networking is called Facebook.

"Think back to the original purpose of making Facebook account. Is to make new friends, find old friends, or business, "says Tonny. Facebook is a social facilities are public.

So, as soon as someone writes or put a picture on the wall, must have known a lot. Well, that information should be submitted on Facebook do not get too personal. Photos too personally do not install.

If the account is intended to expand the network Facebook, add friends (add) whoever does not matter. However, back to you. Are "friends" on Facebook you can trust completely? For example there are people add your Facebook account using a name similar to the school friend. Need to ensure what it really your friend. "If your Facebook account is personal, should be selective in choosing new friends," said Tonny who pursue social psychology.

As far as contacts are made via Internet only, not a negative impact felt. However, if continued into the real world (see land), must be considered carefully. Be careful a lot safer. The promise of coffee should be ground in a public place or invite a friend.

"The problem arises when people really believed in his new acquaintance, invited everywhere will want to be," said Tonny. Thus, attention and parental supervision is required.

Keep in mind, in cyberspace, identity (ID) are fluid or liquid. People can use any ID to Facebook account. Want to defame someone so easily.

"I never met a case of a woman Facebook password is misused to spread the bad things, namely the claim to be sex workers," said Tonny. So, remember always to close the account before leaving the cafe because the password can be stolen from there.

Therefore, if the add (add friend), you should first check the information. Although not guarantee 100 percent safe, at least knew who he was. If not clear, in-ignore it.

Young victims of facebook

TANGERANG, KOMPAS.com - Social passed back to take its toll Facebook teenager. After Marietta Nova Triano (14), junior high school student who disappeared from Surabaya aunt's house in Bumi Serpong Damai, Tangerang South, this time it hit the U.S. (14), citizen Ciledug, Tangerang. Victim disappeared with AMJ (21), citizen Ngawi, East Java, from the house for four days from 1 to 4 February. They were arrested while in a hotel in Cibitung, Bekasi, Thursday (4/2/2010) last week.

"The perp was our stand here. In the meantime, the victim was undergoing psychological rehabilitation," said Metro Police Chief Tangerang Resort Great Maruli CC Commissioner Simanjuntak told reporters on Thursday (11/2/2010).

Maruli had asked the suspects responsible. In that interview the suspect who is unemployed claimed that the U.S. is the sixth victim of seduction. Five other victims, all high school students, has been seduced and fucked by direct acquaintance motives and finally to bed at the hotel. Meanwhile, the U.S. is the only known victim AJM through the electronic network.

Know two months
The suspect knew the victim through Facebook since November 29, 2009. In the virtual world of communication through that, they exchanged cell phone numbers and home addresses.

For two months they communicate with each other intensively. On January 29, the suspect gave the news to the victim through Facebook that he had come to live in Bekasi and one of the Cibitung housing. Armed with that information, the victim came to see him.

His parents, the victim asked for permission to follow lessons. However, since left les, the victim never came to be found with a man in a hotel in Bekasi.

"Parents victim finally reported to the police. Furthermore, in cooperation with the Bekasi police, we were chasing the suspect and the victim," said Maruli.

In accordance with the promise, the suspect and the victim met in front of one hotel in Cibitung. Furthermore, they fall into one of the hotels there. The suspect admitted, during the stay at the hotel, he had intercourse with the victim five times.

USD 5 million
Maruli said, before meeting with her boyfriend, the victim had stolen money from his parents' Rp 5 million. The money was used by victims to have fun with her boyfriend.

The suspect did not want to answer when asked whether he is telling the victim to steal the money his parents. He just shook his head and silenced.

Maruli said, the suspect was threatened with Law Number 23 Year 2002 on Child Protection, and Article 332 of Law Book Criminal Code for running a child under age. The threat of 5 years imprisonment.

Referring to the cases above, Maruli appeal to every parent should be more attentive to and control their children, especially those under age or immature.

11 February 2010

Liquid Coal as Fuel

by Dian Shofinita

In the U.S., the coal industry is touting a plan to transform millions of tons of coal into diesel or other liquid fuels. Some parties considered that this plan is a process that is expensive and inefficient. The reason is simple: environmental issues. Liquid coal is produced when coal is converted into liquid fuels that can be used for transportation. There are two methods to convert coal into liquid fuels: - Direct Liquefaction In this method, coal is dissolved at high temperature and pressure. This process is very efficient, but the liquid products require further refining to produce the characteristics of good fuel. - Indirect Liquefaction In this method, coal digasifikasi to form syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). Syngas is then condensed by using a catalyst (Fischer-Tropsch stage) to produce high quality products.

Derived liquid fuels coal has a sulfur-free nature, low-yield particulates and nitrogen oxides yield low. Another advantage of using liquid coal is the coal available in the entire world, thus increasing the energy security of a region. However, some parties refused pengguanaan liquid coal as an alternative fuel. In use, liquid coal as an alternative fuel can be judged: 1. Increasing the negative impacts of coal mining 2. Effects of global warming almost twice the fuel per gallon

The spread of large-scale liquid coal plant can cause a significant increase of coal mining. Coal mining will have a negative effect harmful. These mines can cause a toxic waste and is acid and will contaminate the ground water. Besides increasing harmful effects on the environment, increased coal production could also have negative impacts on the people who live and work around the mining area. Liquid coal production requires coal and energy in large quantities. This process is also considered inefficient. In fact, only 1 ton of coal can be converted into 2 barrels of gasoline. Conversion process is inefficient, dirty coal properties, and energy needs of large quantities of liquid coal causes produce almost twice the global warming causing emissions than regular gasoline. Although carbon is released during the production captured and stored, liquid coal would still release 4 to 8 percent of global warming pollution more than ordinary gasoline.


Some experts claim that the use of liquid coal, including categories of "clean" because it is free of sulfur, but the coal converted into transportation fuels, two streams of carbon dioxide are formed: one from liquid coal production plants and one of the exhaust pipes of vehicles that burn the fuel. Emissions from liquid coal plants producing more than factories producing and refining crude oil to produce gasoline, diesel, and other transportation fuels. Besides the negative impact on global warming, liquid coal also has other negative impacts on the environment. More than 4 gallons of water needed for each gallon of fuel produced. This will threaten the water supply is limited. The effects of the above explains that the use of coal as an alternative fuel and harmful to the environment is inconsistent with the pursuit of global warming solutions. Some of the rate compared with using liquid coal as an alternative fuel, better to invest for the energy industry more environmentally friendly and help us solve global warming problems. Liquid coal, seen from the negative impact of the above, is not the right answer for the future of world energy.


Source:




BatubaraCoal

In the U.S., the coal industry is touting a plan to transform millions of tons of coal into diesel or other liquid fuels. Some parties considered that this plan is a process that is expensive and inefficient. The reason is simple: environmental issues. Liquid coal is produced when coal is converted into liquid fuels that can be used for transportation. There are two methods to convert coal into liquid fuels: - Direct Liquefaction In this method, coal is dissolved at high temperature and pressure. This process is very efficient, but the liquid products require further refining to produce the characteristics of good fuel. - Indirect Liquefaction In this method, coal digasifikasi to form syngas (a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide). Syngas is then condensed by using a catalyst (Fischer-Tropsch stage) to produce high quality products.
Proses Pembuatan Coal to LiquidLiquid Coal Processing

Derived liquid fuels coal has a sulfur-free nature, low-yield particulates and nitrogen oxides yield low. Another advantage of using liquid coal is the coal available in the entire world, thus increasing the energy security of a region. However, some parties refused pengguanaan liquid coal as an alternative fuel. In use, liquid coal as an alternative fuel can be judged:

  1. Increasing the negative impacts of coal mining
  2. Effects of global warming almost twice the fuel per gallon
Emisi CO2 CTL

CO2 Emission

Penyebaran skala besar pabrik batubara cair dapat menyebabkan peningkatan yang signifikan dari penambangan batubara. Penambangan batubara akan memberikan dampak negatif yang berbahaya. Penambangan ini dapat menyebabkan limbah yang beracun dan bersifat asam serta akan mengkontaminasi air tanah. Selain dapat meningkatkan efek berbahaya terhadap lingkungan, peningkatan produksi batubara juga dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif pada orang-orang yang tinggal dan bekerja di sekitar daerah penambangan. Produksi batubara cair membutuhkan batubara dan energi dalam jumlah yang besar. Proses ini juga dinilai tidak efisien. Faktanya, 1 ton batubara hanya dapat dikonversi menjadi 2 barel bensin. Proses konversi yang tidak efisien, sifat batubara yang kotor, dan kebutuhan energi dalam jumlah yang besar tersebut menyebabkan batubara cair menghasilkan hampir dua kali lipat emisi penyebab global warming dibandingkan dengan bensin biasa. Walaupun karbon yang terlepas selama produksi ditangkap dan disimpan, batubara cair tetap akan melepaskan 4 hingga 8 persen polusi global warming lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan bensin biasa.

Emisi Berbagai Bahan Bakar

Emisi Berbagai Bahan Bakar

Beberapa ahli menyatakan bahwa penggunaan batubara cair termasuk kategori “bersih” karena bebas sulfur, namun saat batubara diubah menjadi bahan bakar transportasi, dua aliran karbon dioksida terbentuk: satu dari pabrik produksi batubara cair dan satu dari pipa pembuangan kendaraan yang membakar bahan bakar tersebut. Emisi dari pabrik produsen batubara cair lebih besar daripada pabrik produsen dan pemurnian minyak mentah untuk memproduksi bensin, diesel, dan bahan bakar transportasi lainnya. Selain berdampak negatif pada global warming, batubara cair juga memiliki dampak negatif lain terhadap lingkungan. Lebih dari 4 gallon air dibutuhkan untuk setiap gallon bahan bakar yang diproduksi. Hal ini akan mengancam persediaan air yang terbatas. Dampak-dampak di atas menjelaskan bahwa penggunaan batubara sebagai bahan bakar alternatif berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan tidak sejalan dengan pencarian solusi masalah global warming. Beberapa pihak menilai dibandingkan dengan menggunakan batubara cair sebagai bahan bakar alternatif, lebih baik berinvestasi untuk industri energi yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan membantu kita menyelesaikan permasalahan global warming. Batubara cair, dilihat dari dampak negatif di atas, bukanlah jawaban yang tepat untuk masa depan energi dunia.

Sumber:

http://www.worldcoal.org/pages/content/index.asp?PageID=423
http://www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/coal/liquids.pdf
http://www.sierraclub.org/coal/liquidcoal/
http://maine.sierraclub.org/Liquid%20coal%20fact%20sheet.pdf

Gambar: http://www.energyandoil.com/the-coal-to-liquid-debate-part-i http://www.greencar.com/articles/five-fuels-driving-future.php

Colored Flowers

Easy and Fun Color Science Project

By , About.com Guide

Blue is not a usual daisy color, but you can make a blue daisy using chemistry!

Blue is not a usual daisy color, but you can make a blue daisy using chemistry!

Frances Twitty, Getty Images
It's easy to make your own colored flowers, especially carnations and daisies, but there are a couple of tricks that help ensure great results. Here's how you do it.

Colored Flower Materials

  • fresh flowers, preferably white - don't use wilted flowers since they might not be able to absorb water well. Good choices include daisies and carnations.
  • food coloring
  • warm water

Make Colored Flowers

  • Trim the stems of your flowers so they aren't excessively long.

  • Make a slanted cut at the base of the stem under water. The cut is slanted so that the stem won't sit flat on the bottom of the container. A flat cut can prevent the flower from taking in water. Make the cut underwater to prevent air bubbles from forming in the tiny tubes at base of the stem, which would prevent water/color from being drawn up.

  • Add food coloring to a glass. You're looking at about 20-30 drops of food coloring per half cup of warm water. Warm water will be taken more readily than cold water.

  • Set the damp stem of the flower in the colored water. The petals should become colored after a few hours. It may take as long as 24 hours, however, depending on the flower.

  • You can set the colored flowers in plain water or flower preservative, but they will continue to drink water, changing the pattern of the color over time.

Getting Fancy

You can slit the stem up the middle and put each side in a different color to get bi-colored flowers. What do you think you will get if you put half of the stem in blue dye and half in yellow dye? What do you think will happen if you take a colored flower and put its stem in dye of a different color?

How It Works

A few different processes are involved in plant 'drinking' or transpiration. As water evaporates from flowers and leaves, the attractive force between water molecules called cohesion pulls more water along. Water is pulled up through tiny tubes (xylem) that run up a plant's stem. Although gravity might want to pull the water back down toward the ground, water sticks to itself and these tubes. This capillary action keeps water in the xylem in much the same way as water stays in a straw when you suck water through it, except evaporation and biochemical reactions provide the initial upward pull.

Chalk Chromatography

Separate Pigments Using Chalk Chromatography

By , About.com Guide

These chalk chromatogaphy examples were made using chalk with ink and food coloring.

These chalk chromatogaphy examples were made using chalk with ink and food coloring.

Anne Helmenstine
Chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture. There are many different types of chromatography. While some forms of chromatography require expensive lab equipment, others can be performed using common household materials. For example, you can use chalk and alcohol to perfom chromatography to separate the pigments in food colorings or inks. It's a safe project and also a very quick project, since you can see bands of color forming within minutes. After you've finished making your chromatogram, you'll have colored chalk. Unless you use a lot of ink or dye, the chalk won't be colored all the way through, but it will still have an interesting appearance.

Chalk Chromatography Materials

  • chalk
  • alcohol (isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol seems to work best)
  • ink, dye, or food coloring
  • small jar or cup
  • plastic wrap
  1. Apply your ink, dye or food coloring to a piece of chalk about 1 cm from the end of the chalk. You can place a dot of color or stripe a band of color all the way around the chalk. If you are mainly interested in getting bands of pretty colors rather than separating individual pigments in the dye, then feel free to dot multiple colors, all in the same place.

  2. Pour enough rubbing alcohol into the bottom of a far or cup so that the liquid level is about half a centimeter. You want the liquid level to be below the dot or line on your piece of chalk.

  3. Place the chalk in the cup so that the dot or line is about half a centimeter higher than the liquid line.

  4. Seal the jar or put a piece of plastic wrap over the cup to prevent evaporation. You can probably get away with not-covering the container.

  5. You should be able to observe the color rising up the chalk within a few minutes. You can remove the chalk whenever you are satisfied with your chromatogram.

  6. Let the chalk dry before using it for writing.

Chalk Chromatography

Separate Pigments Using Chalk Chromatography

By , About.com Guide

These chalk chromatogaphy examples were made using chalk with ink and food coloring.

These chalk chromatogaphy examples were made using chalk with ink and food coloring.

Anne Helmenstine
Chromatography is a technique used to separate components of a mixture. There are many different types of chromatography. While some forms of chromatography require expensive lab equipment, others can be performed using common household materials. For example, you can use chalk and alcohol to perfom chromatography to separate the pigments in food colorings or inks. It's a safe project and also a very quick project, since you can see bands of color forming within minutes. After you've finished making your chromatogram, you'll have colored chalk. Unless you use a lot of ink or dye, the chalk won't be colored all the way through, but it will still have an interesting appearance.

Chalk Chromatography Materials

  • chalk
  • alcohol (isopropyl alcohol or rubbing alcohol seems to work best)
  • ink, dye, or food coloring
  • small jar or cup
  • plastic wrap
  1. Apply your ink, dye or food coloring to a piece of chalk about 1 cm from the end of the chalk. You can place a dot of color or stripe a band of color all the way around the chalk. If you are mainly interested in getting bands of pretty colors rather than separating individual pigments in the dye, then feel free to dot multiple colors, all in the same place.

  2. Pour enough rubbing alcohol into the bottom of a far or cup so that the liquid level is about half a centimeter. You want the liquid level to be below the dot or line on your piece of chalk.

  3. Place the chalk in the cup so that the dot or line is about half a centimeter higher than the liquid line.

  4. Seal the jar or put a piece of plastic wrap over the cup to prevent evaporation. You can probably get away with not-covering the container.

  5. You should be able to observe the color rising up the chalk within a few minutes. You can remove the chalk whenever you are satisfied with your chromatogram.

  6. Let the chalk dry before using it for writing.